Trekking poles are a backcountry hiker's absolute best friend when it comes to maintaining your most important hiking asset: your knees. Studies have shown that using poles can reduce joint impacts by about 20%. The difference is significantly noticeable during downhill segments where the impact on the knees is greatest.
In addition to helping maintain healthy knees, trekking poles also provide vital aid in helping one balance during river crossings and hiking on narrow, steep cliffs such as Cloud's Rest in Yosemite.